In the Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt stage, what is crucial for a toddler's development?

During the Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt stage, which typically occurs between the ages of 1 and 3 years, it is crucial for a toddler's development to foster independence and self-sufficiency. This stage, according to Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory, is all about balancing a child's emerging sense of autonomy with the need for guidance and support. Encouragement to do things independently allows toddlers to explore their abilities, make choices, and gain confidence in their skills.

By successfully navigating this stage, a child learns to assert their will and develop a sense of personal control over their actions. This is essential for building self-esteem and a healthy sense of identity. Therefore, offering opportunities for toddlers to engage in self-directed activities supports their growth and helps them avoid feelings of shame or doubt about their capabilities. This sense of autonomy ultimately contributes to stronger decision-making skills and a more resilient character as they mature.