What does an IQ test measure?

An IQ test measures intellectual aptitude, which refers to an individual's capacity to think, reason, solve problems, and comprehend complex ideas. This type of assessment evaluates cognitive abilities such as logical reasoning, pattern recognition, mathematical skills, and verbal proficiency. The score derived from an IQ test is intended to reflect a person's intellectual potential rather than their knowledge or specific skills.

Understanding that IQ tests specifically focus on cognitive abilities distinguishes them from other types of assessments, such as those measuring physical abilities, emotional intelligence, or social skills. Physical abilities pertain to bodily coordination and strength, while emotional intelligence encompasses a person's ability to understand and manage their emotions and the emotions of others. Social skills involve interpersonal interactions and communication, which are assessed through different means. Thus, the defining characteristic of an IQ test is its emphasis on measuring intellectual aptitude.