What process is described as the transfer of thermal energy through the movement of a liquid or gas?

The transfer of thermal energy through the movement of a liquid or gas is referred to as convection. This process occurs when warmer areas of a liquid or gas rise while cooler areas sink, creating a circulation pattern. As warmer substances rise, they carry heat energy with them, effectively transferring thermal energy throughout the medium. This phenomenon is commonly observed in various settings, such as in the atmosphere, ocean currents, and heating systems, where heated air or water moves and creates a flow that distributes thermal energy evenly.