Which type of oven relies on stationary heat from the bottom?

A conventional oven operates by using stationary heat primarily sourced from the bottom element. This heat rises within the enclosed space of the oven, allowing for cooking or baking to take place. The heating elements in a conventional oven are typically situated at the bottom and sometimes the top as well, but the essential heat source for functionality is from the bottom, which helps create even cooking, particularly for items like cakes and casseroles.

In contrast, a microwave oven uses electromagnetic waves to heat food, which penetrates the food and cooks it from the inside out. A convection oven employs a fan to circulate hot air, resulting in faster and more even cooking compared to a conventional oven. An induction oven works through magnetic energy to directly heat cookware, rather than relying on stationary heat. Therefore, the correct answer identifies the conventional oven as the one that relies on stationary heat from the bottom.